Märzhäuser and Rodrigues-Moura centre their analysis on a 1741 manuscript by a Portuguese clerk, António da Costa Peixoto, who lived and worked in the Vila Rica region. His Obra Nova de Língua Geral de Mina (‘New work on the general language of Mina’) – essentially a glossary of terms supplemented by short dialogues in LGM with translations to Portuguese – is interesting not only linguistically, but also because of what it reveals about the society in which it was used. From the discussion of this manuscript, we learn, for example, that some slaves managed to buy their freedom and engage in petty trade, enjoying an unexpected degree of agency in their relationships with the Europeans in the town. Indeed, the very fact that Peixoto took the trouble to learn this African language – and that he recommends that his fellow Europeans do the same in the interests of social peace – suggests that Gayatri Spivak’s famous question ‘Can the subaltern speak?’ (Spivak, 1994) deserves an affirmative answer in this particular case. (Karen Bennett)