Does the ethnic gap in homeownership vary by income? An analysis on Dutch survey data

Lower levels of homeownership among immigrant populations have frequently been related to the particular financial constraints that immigrant households can face. Various problems have been raised with this explanation for the ethnic gap in homeownership rates. This paper responds to these criticisms by sensitizing the financial constraints explanation to the possibility of differential effects of ethnicity depending upon level of income. The hypothesis that the ethnic gap is stronger for lower income groups is tested through logistic analyses of the housing tenure of Turkish and Moroccan immigrants and a comparison group of native citizens in the Netherlands. High-income Turks are revealed to have comparable rates of homeownership to high-income natives, whereas in low-income groups a large ethnic gap exists. The ethnic gap in homeownership among low-income groups could not be explained by other financial constraints (education, couple’s earning status, parental resources). Housing preferences and discrimination are possible explanations for this ethnic gap among low-income households.