Te huge number of deserted late medieval settlements in southern Germany has been explained by the consequences of epidemics, feuds, and economic crisis. However, based on an ecological perspective, we need to ask how the late medieval crisis was embedded in long-term landscape transformations. Looking back to the early medieval settlement landscape, we recognize fundamental changes in land-use practices, which were hardly visible in the written record. It can be considered a fact that the formation of the medieval village and the related introduction of an open-feld system had a major impact on the medieval landscape and the interaction between men and nature. Tis paper demonstrates the possible lines between high medieval village formation and the late medieval crisis several generations later. Even if the resulting interpretation is necessarily very hypothetical in many points, it refers to some fundamental issues in the understanding of long-term transformations of rural landscapes and challenges the current practice of rescue excavations in Germany.