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Observing Pain in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment : A Pilot Comparison Attempt across Countries and across Different Types of Cognitive Impairment
Kunz, Miriam; Crutzen-Braaksma, Petra; Gimenez-Llort, Lydia; u. a. (2022): Observing Pain in Individuals with Cognitive Impairment : A Pilot Comparison Attempt across Countries and across Different Types of Cognitive Impairment, in: Bamberg: Otto-Friedrich-Universität.
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Publisher Information:
Year of publication:
2022
Pages:
Source/Other editions:
Brain Sciences, 11 (2021), 11, 13 S. ISSN: 2076-3425
Year of first publication:
2021
Language:
English
Abstract:
Facial expression is a key aspect in observational scales developed to improve pain assessment in individuals with cognitive impairments. Although these scales are used internationally in individuals with different types of cognitive impairments, it is not known whether observing facial expressions of pain might differ between regions or between different types of cognitive impairments. In a pilot study, facial responses to standardized experimental pressure pain were assessed among individuals with different types of cognitive impairments (dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington’s disease, and intellectual disability) from different countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Spain) and were analyzed using facial descriptors from the PAIC scale (Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition). We found high inter-rater reliability between observers from different countries. Moreover, facial responses to pain did not differ between individuals with dementia from different countries (Denmark, Germany, and Spain). However, the type of cognitive impairment had a significant impact; with individuals with intellectual disability (all being from Israel) showing the strongest facial responses. Our pilot data suggest that the country of origin does not strongly affect how pain is facially expressed or how facial responses are being scored. However, the type of cognitive impairment showed a clear effect in our pilot study, with elevated facial responses in individuals with intellectual disability.
GND Keywords: ;
Schmerz
Kognitive Störung
Keywords: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
pain
cognitive impairment
facial expression
cultural differences
dementia
mild cognitive impairment
intellectual disability
pain observation
PAIC
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RVK Classification:
Type:
Article
Activation date:
October 20, 2022
Permalink
https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/handle/uniba/55528