During the interwar period, a myriad of construction projects, major restoration measures and excavation campaigns were carried out in dozens of cities in Italy and its colonies. The nationwide construction effort was carried out as part of the cultural policy strategy of the Fascist party aimed at reshaping the urban and rural landscape. In the decades of the Ventennio, political interest in connecting with a supposedly glorious past encountered an already well-established academic field of monument preservation and restoration theory.